This study aimed to clarify the histological alterations following fine-needle aspiration for parathyroid adenoma and discuss the occurrence of diagnostic problems. Among the 392 patients with parathyroid adenoma who underwent resection, fine-needle aspiration was performed for 21 (5.1%) parathyroid adenoma nodules. Histological findings that were significantly more frequent in cases that underwent fine-needle aspiration were considered histological alterations following fine-needle aspiration for parathyroid adenoma, including the following six findings: thick fibrous capsule (71.4%), multilayered fibrous capsules (14.3%), capsular pseudo-invasion (42.9%), fibrous bands (57.1%), hemosiderin deposition (14.3%), and tumor implantation (14.3%). Eighteen parathyroid adenoma nodules (85.7%) exhibited one or more of the six findings. Tumor cells and adipocytes entrapped within the thick fibrous capsule were occasionally observed. The fibrous bands were frequently connected to the thick fibrous capsule. The number of passes, duration between fine-needle aspiration and resection, tumor size, and purpose of fine-needle aspiration were not related to the incidence of histological findings. Because of the histological alterations following fine-needle aspiration for parathyroid adenoma that can be easily mistaken for signs of atypical adenoma or parathyroid carcinoma, we recommend that the six findings be excluded from pathological findings indicating atypical adenoma or parathyroid carcinoma in patients with preoperative fine-needle aspiration. 相似文献
The clinical outcomes of maxillary rehabilitation with the additively manufactured sub-periosteal jaw implant (AMSJI; CADskills BV) were evaluated in edentulous patients with a Cawood–Howell atrophy classification ≥5 in all regions of the maxilla. Fifteen consecutive patients were included in the study and followed up for 1 year. They were interviewed using a survey protocol and were examined clinically and radiographically preoperatively (T0) and at 1 (T1), 6 (T2), and 12 (T3) months after permanent upper prosthesis placement. The patients reported an increased oral health-related quality of life. The overall mean Oral Health Impact Profile-14 score at T0 was 17.20 (standard deviation (SD) 6.42). When results at T0 were compared to those at T1 (mean 8.93, SD 5.30), a statistically significant difference was seen (P = 0.001). At T3, the mean value was 5.80 (SD 4.18). Compared to T0, there was also a statistically significant difference at T3 (P = 0.001). General satisfaction based on the numerical rating scale was a mean 49.93 at T1, which was less than patient expectation prior to treatment at T0 (52.13). A higher overall value was seen at T3 (53.20) when compared to T0. Within the constraints of the short follow-up, the AMSJI appears to be a promising tool for patients with extreme jaw atrophy. The high patient expectations were met without complications. 相似文献
ObjectiveTo present the theoretical and experimental characterization of the halo in multifocal intraocular lenses (MIOL).MethodThe origin of the halo in a MIOL is the overlaying of 2 or more images. Using geometrical optics, it can be demonstrated that the diameter of each halo depends on the addition of the lens (ΔP), the base power (Pd), and the diameter of the IOL that contributes to the «non-focused» focus. In the image plane that corresponds to the distance focus, the halo diameter (δHd) is given by: δHd = dpn ΔP/Pd, where dpn is the diameter of the IOL that contributes to the near focus. Analogously, in the near image plane the halo diameter (δHn) is: δHn = dpd ΔP/Pd, where dpd is the diameter of the IOL that contributes to the distance focus. Patients perceive halos when they see bright objects over a relatively dark background. In vitro, the halo can be characterized by analyzing the intensity profile of the image of a pinhole that is focused by each of the foci of a MIOL.Results and conclusionsA comparison has been made between the halos induced by different MIOL of the same base power (20D) in an optical bench. As predicted by theory, the larger the addition of the MIOL, the larger the halo diameter. For large pupils and with MIOL with similar aspheric designs and addition (SN6AD3 vs ZMA00), the apodized MIOL has a smaller halo diameter than a non-apodized one in distance vision, while in near vision the size is very similar, but the relative intensity is higher in the apodized MIOL. When comparing lenses with the same diffractive design, but with different spherical-aspheric base design (SN60D3 vs SN6AD3), the halo in distance vision of the spherical MIOL is larger, while in near vision the spherical IOL induces a smaller halo, but with higher intensity due to the spherical aberration of the distance focus in the near image. In the case of a trifocal-diffractive IOL (AT LISA 839MP) the most noticeable characteristic is the double-halo formation due to the 2 non-focused powers. 相似文献
Introduction: Topical corticosteroids are an important pharmacotherapy for the management of various inflammatory conditions affecting the anterior segment of the eye. However, medications in this class are associated with well-known risks including increased intraocular pressure (IOP) and development of cataracts. The topical corticosteroid loteprednol etabonate (LE) was developed with the specific intention of minimizing these side effects.
Areas covered: The focus of this review is to examine published efficacy and safety data for LE, a drug engineered to undergo rapid metabolism to inactive metabolites with the goal of improved safety. Two decades of clinical research focused on LE formulations are reviewed, including the use of LE in combination with tobramycin. The cumulative body of experience affirms the concept that the molecular design of LE confers certain safety benefits without compromising the desired anti-inflammatory efficacy of a topical corticosteroid.
Expert opinion: Loteprednol etabonate is a mainstay for topical therapy of a wide variety of commonplace and niche conditions of the ocular surface and the anterior segment, including in the healing post-operative patient. Its versatility and safety allow eye care providers to recommend both acute induction as well as chronic maintenance therapy with appropriate follow-up. 相似文献